LSD Guide: Effects, Common Uses, Safety

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The invention of lysergic acid diethylamide, known as LSD, changed what the scientific and psychiatric community thought about the roots of mental illness. Prior to the discovery of LSD, the general consensus was that environmental factors in early childhood, including family, caused mental illness, specifically in the case of schizophrenia. When scientist Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938 however he recognized that the LSD molecule was similar to serotonin, which had only been identified a few years prior. As a result, scientists began to theorize that chemical imbalances resulted in mental illness. This spawned the development of a new branch of psychopharmacology. 

LSD entered into popular culture as a recreational drug in the 1950s and 1960s. Though its mainstream appearance resulted in a flourishing of art and culture, the government misinformed the public and perpetuated a false image of LSD in order to target and incarcerate hippies, Black Americans, and other minority groups. This resulted in its harsh prohibition, which also blocked scientists from conducting further research into the medicinal properties of LSD. Its short-lived emergence into popular culture however had an enduring impact on thought, science, arts and culture that can still be felt today. In recent years, studies are being conducted on LSD to evaluate its therapeutic and spiritual benefits through psychedelic therapies.

What You Will Learn About LSD

  • LSD, or lysergic acid diethylamide, is a chemical compound with psychedelic properties. The effects are caused by the way the compound binds to various serotonin receptors throughout the central and peripheral nervous system.
  • Albert Hofmann was the first to synthesize LSD in 1938.
  • Its psychedelic effects were discovered in 1943 when Hofmann accidentally dosed himself while re-examining the substance.
  • Common effects include closed and open eyed visuals, dilation of the pupils, reduced appetite, euphoria, heightened emotions, and an altered sense of reality. In adverse cases LSD can cause HPPD (hallucinogen persisting perception disorder)or PTSD (post-traumatic stress syndrome).
  • LSD can be produced through synthesis or semisynthesis.
  • The most common precursor of LSD is lysergic acid derived from ergot fungus, Hawaiian Baby Woodrose Seeds, or Morning Glory.
  • A tolerance to LSD builds rapidly and typically takes around a week to reset after a single use.
  • It is an illegal substance in most of the western world with a small subset of countries having decriminalized possession of small amounts.
  • There is a current resurgence in research of the chemical for its potential therapeutic uses.
  • The effects of LSD are often compared to psilocybin mushrooms. LSD’s effects tend to last longer by about four hours with more visual and self-reflective aspects as opposed to the highly emotional effects of psilocybin.

Overview

Lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD or acid, is one of the most famous and controversial psychedelics that exists. In 1938, a Swiss chemist named Albert Hofmann synthesized LSD while participating in a larger research program at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland. He was studying the ergot fungus in an effort to extract active alkaloids, called Lysergamides, for pharmaceutical use. Within this group of alkaloids, ergotamine is the most dominant, which became the precursor for LSD. At the time, Hofmann was attempting to find a cure for headaches. Five years later Hofmann discovered LSD’s psychedelic properties accidentally.

First introduced to the market in 1947 as a psychiatric drug, LSD became popular as a recreational drug in the 1960s, and defined the era. From the hippies, Timothy Leary, The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, Ken Kesey, and The Grateful Dead, LSD inspired a rich subculture, new creative expression, and a prolific body of art. Despite an FDA ban on researching LSD in 1966, scientists were able to understand the overall mechanisms of how LSD produces its psychedelic effects. To this day, it remains one of the most popular psychedelics for recreational use, and a promising substance in psychotherapeutic research.

What is LSD

LSD, or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, is a psychedelic hallucinogen from the Ergoline family. It is a potent psychedelic that typically takes effect about a half hour after ingestion and induces an experience that lasts anywhere between 8-12 hours. LSD can be microdosed as well.

Street Name

  • Acid (The “S” in LSD stands for säure, the German word for acid)
  • Cid
  • Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, after the popular Beatles song (Although in a recent radio interview Paul McCartney claims that there is no connection between the two.)
  • Blotter
  • Tab
  • Stip
  • Orange sunshine

Scientific Name

LSD PNG MOLECULE 1 1

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a serotonergic psychedelic. There are three main serotonergic psychedelic groups: phenethylamines, tryptamines and ergolines. LSD is an ergoline. LSD binds to serotonin receptors in the brain and body. They are called 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT receptors, and are found throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. LSD binds to most serotonin receptors except for the 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. Most of the receptors that LSD binds to however are not affected at a high enough affinity to be activated by the brain. Therefore they do not impact LSD’s psychoactive effects.

The receptors that do play a role in the effects of LSD are the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT5A, and 5-HT6 receptors, but most importantly the 5-HT2A receptor. Binding to the 5-HT2A receptor causes a cross-activation of the 5-HT2A receptor heteromers which is thought to be the cause of the psychedelic effects that LSD creates. LSD stays bound to the 5-HT2A receptor for an extended period of time which is why its effects last for such a long period of time despite a relatively short half-life.

LSD: Semisynthetic or Fully Synthethic

Depending on the way LSD is produced, it can either be a semisynthetic or fully synthetic substance. Firstly, a “synthesis” is a chemical reaction that produces a novel chemical compound from chemical precursors. For example, one of the most basic synthesis is the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas in the presence of heat to create water.

Semisynthesis is a chemical process that uses compounds isolated from natural resources as the starting point to produce a different, novel compound. The novel compound produced must have distinct chemical and medical properties in order to be considered a semisynthesis. Hofmann formed LSD in this way while he was experimenting with various derivatives of lysergic acid extracted from the ergot fungus. 

When LSD is made through a semi-synthesis, the alkaloids are extracted from the Ergot fungus, Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds, or Morning Glory. (Alkaloids are a group of organic molecules that contain Nitrogen). The alkaloids are used as a precursor, particularly Lysergic Acid Amide. The precursor is synthesized into iso-lysergic acid hydrazide then isomerized twice to create active LSD. 

LSD can also be fully synthetic, meaning fabricated from scratch. The most common way to create fully synthetic LSD is through reacting diethylamine with activated lysergic acid in the presence of phosphoryl chloride and peptide coupling reagents. Lysergic acid is produced by an enantioselective or stereocontrolled total synthesis for a fully synthetic form of LSD.

Forms of Consumption

LSD comes in a variety of forms: liquid, tablet, gummies, crystals, blotter paper, gel tabs, and directly through the skin. Anything with LSD infused into it can vary wildly in dose. This is because LSD is measured in micrograms, so large amounts of LSD fit into small consumables. It is most commonly found in blotter paper with a dose between 30 micrograms to 100 micrograms, however average users cannot confirm the dosage.

  • Tabs: blotter paper infused with LSD
  • Drops: liquid drops 
  • Thumb-print: licking LSD crystal
  • Microdot: a tiny tablet of LSD
  • Patch: put on the skin
  • Gummies: LSD candy 

Dosage

See our microdosing LSD guide for an in-depth review of dosage guidelines.

Reality Sandwich LSD Oral Chart 1

From top to bottom, this macro dosing chart lists doses from low to heavy. Any dose that is less than or equal to the threshold can be considered a microdose.

The threshold indicates the amount necessary to begin to feel the effects of LSD. Typically, the psychedelic community recommends first time users start with a light dose. Users report that it’s the right amount if you want to engage with other people, and enhance your general enjoyment of life.

Common doses tend to induce hallucinations and “visions.” Most users that consume less than 75 micrograms do not report any open eye visuals, or OEVs, unless the person is particularly sensitive to LSD.

Strong and heavy doses tend to send the user into, what the community calls, a “transcendental state.” Normally, users go in. Meaning, the experience is more interior and can even result in what’s called an “ego death.” This is when a person looses a sense of a personal identity, and “transcends” the self. In Jungian philosophy, an ego death is defined as “a fundamental transformation of the psyche.”

Having an experienced user in the room is a safety precaution. Challenging trips can happen and cause long-term effects, such as hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. So, most of the psychedelic community recommend having someone with you who can help guide the experience if a challenging trip occurs.

LSD Analogues

An analogue is a chemical compound similar in structure and properties to another compound, but with a different elemental composition. There are a lot of research chemicals that are analogues to LSD and produce a similar kind of psychedelic experience. In most countries they are legal to buy and consume, but double check your local laws to ensure you are not participating in illegal activity.

Some popular analogues: 

  • 1P LSD 
  • AL-LAD
  • ETH-LAD
  • 1B-LSD

1P-LSD and AL-LAD are the most common analogues. 1P-LSD has a slightly higher molecular weight, the mass of a single compound. That means that the dosages will likely need to be slightly higher to produce the same effects. Currently, scientists believe 1P-LSD is metabolized into LSD once ingested. Thus the effects will be nearly identical. AL-LAD tends to have a slightly shorter duration than LSD with similar levels of potency. Users report AL-LAD is not as introspective and has more recreational effects like visuals as opposed to therapeutic effects. Neither of these substances are listed under the United Nations’ Convention on Psychotropic Substances. However, many countries have laws in place that make analogues of illegal substances also illegal.

History

Albert Hofmann first synthesized lysergic acid diethylamide in 1938 at the Sandoz Laboratories of Switzerland. Hofmann was studying the ergot fungus in an effort to extract active alkaloids for pharmaceutical use. These alkaloids are called Lysergamides. Ergotamine is the most abundant, which became the precursor for LSD.

On Hofmann’s 25th combination of various organic molecules with lysergic acid, he created LSD which he named LSD-25 for his own reference. Unfortunately, the molecule showed little to no effect on the animals he was testing on, so he abandoned the project. But in 1943, he decided that the molecule deserved a closer look.

While Hofmann was handling the molecule, he accidentally dosed himself through his fingertips. Upon beginning to feel the effects, he asked his assistant to escort him home on their bicycles. Once he arrived home he called a house doctor to check his vitals due to the strange changes in perception he was experiencing after his accidental dosage of LSD. His doctor did not find any effects to his vitals aside from his extremely dilated pupils. Because of his bike ride home during the very first LSD experience any human had ever experienced, the day became known as “Bicycle Day.” This day is still celebrated every year among the psychedelic community on April 19th.

Indigenous Uses

Hofmann may have introduced LSD to the West in the 20th century, but many other ergolines and their derivatives have been ingested for centuries.

For example, Hofmann was experimenting with the ergot fungus in his laboratory. Ergot fungus is a fungi that contains lysergic acid, which became one of the key ingredients in LSD. The ergot fungus however has an ancient history. Assyrian tablets dating as far back as 600 B.C.E. describe ergot as a “noxious pustule in the ear of wheat,” because it infects rye and other related plants. 

When ingested, ergot causes a condition called “ergotism.” In the Middle Ages especially, there were major outbreaks of ergotism that swept across towns. Whole populations experienced hallucinations, fever, and occasionally death. One case affected as many as 40,000 people within southern France in 994. It turned peoples’ limbs black making it look like they were in a fire. This in turn made them refer to this poisoning as a “holy fire.”

Recently, another discovery of ergot poisoning in 1692 opened a whole new theory about the infamous Salem Witch Hunt. Now there is speculation that ergot might have been the real culprit, not the devil or magic spells. The people of Salem might have been hallucinating from ergotism the entire time

Aside from Lysergic Acid, another LSD precursor is Lysergic Acid Amide, which possesses its own set of psychoactive properties. The usage of Lysergic Acid Amine traces back to the Vedas, the most ancient of Hindu scriptures. Furthermore, Lysergic Acid Amide was used in an Ayurvedic medicinal treatment for erectile dysfunction and syphilis. Ayurvedic medicine is one of the oldest forms of holistic healing developed over 3,000 years ago in India. The primary goal of Ayurveda is to promote overall health to prevent illness instead of treating individual ailments.

Important Events, Findings, Studies

A decade after Hofmann accidentally dosed himself with LSD, the CIA became aware of LSD’s unusual and powerful effects. The CIA initiated the “MK-Ultra” project to experiment with LSD as a mind controlling tool for the purposes of the U.S. government. SubProjects within MK-Ultra also investigated hypnosis, neurosurgery, electroshock, torture, sexual blackmail, stage magic, and poison .

The CIA dosed unsuspecting civilians with LSD for almost a decade (1955-1964). The US government also funded research to investigate the potential use of LSD as a chemical weapon. Regardless, MK-Ultra dropped its efforts in 1964. Subsequently, the records were destroyed in 1972. 

Finally, the New York Times exposed the truth in 1974. This led to the Senate calling for an immediate inquiry into the U.S. Intelligence’s abuse of power. Then, journalist John Marks continued to uncover more files. In response, President Ford issued executive order 11905 as an attempt to stop human testing without consent despite it already being in violation of the Nuremberg Code.

Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters

Celebrated writer Ken Kesey was first exposed to psychedelics as a creative writing student at Stanford. He participated in government research program that was administering LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT. The experience changed his life. Shortly afterwards, he completed his first and seminal novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.

“I been silent so long now it’s gonna roar out of me like floodwaters…” –One’s Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

In the 1960’s Kesey was throwing a series of parties that became known as “acid tests” with his crew, “The Merry Pranksters.” They traveled in a psychedelically painted school bus named “Further.” Further became an icon for the hippie movement. In 1964, they took Further out West. They crossed paths with other notable psychonauts such as Allen Ginsberg, Timothy Leary, Ram Dass, and Jack Kerouac. Tom Wolfe would later write a book that immortalized their LSD fueled bus trip titled The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test.

“Everybody, everybody everywhere, has his own movie going, his own scenario, and everybody is acting his movie out like mad, only most people don’t know that is what they’re trapped by, their little script.” – The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test

The Beatles and The Grateful Dead

LSD strongly impacted the music of The Beatles and The Grateful Dead. John and George from The Beatles were first introduced to LSD at a dinner party. A dentist had dosed them with it in their coffee. At the time neither one of them knew much, if anything, about LSD and what its effects were. They went on to go to a night club and thoroughly enjoyed their experience. Afterwards they shared it with the rest of The Beatles and it began to further shape their music. Paul McCartney claims their hit song “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds” is entirely about LSD as well as “A Day In The Life.” This led to the BBC permanently banning these songs from broadcasting on their station.

The Grateful Dead regularly used LSD and it strongly influenced their music. However, the bands use of LSD does not stop at the performers. Their sound engineer, Owsley Stanley, known as “Bear,” was also a frequent user of LSD and a chemist. He helped finance The Grateful Dead’s beginning with his profits from making and selling LSD. His LSD business was extremely successful despite it being illegal, and he is largely credited with being one of the first people to mass produce the substance. Within a two year stretch of time he produced over five million doses of LSD. His professional name “Bear” is also where the famous Grateful Dead bears stem from.

Timothy Leary

In 1959, Timothy Leary had garnered a reputation as an esteemed personality, researcher, LSD advocate, and as a Harvard professor. He personally used LSD fairly regularly and created many of the catchphrases associated with psychedelic safety still used today. He was the first to emphasize the importance of “set and setting” when using psychedelics. This concept is still heavily influential within the psychedelic community.

In 1962 he established the International Federation for Internal Freedom, or IFIF, along with Richard Alpert. The objective of this organization was to study the effects of regularly using psychedelics and publishing these results to the public. He enlisted Lisa Bieberman to help distribute his findings in a journal called the “Psychedelic Review.” Bieberman was a friend of Leary and ran a sort of psychedelic information center from her own home.

Turn on, Tune in, Drop out

The negative backlash about LSD in America did not deter Leary, or keep him quiet. In fact, he declared openly that he planned to administer LSD to four million people. Leary’s famous slogan— “turn on, tune in, drop out”— sent a message far and wide that psychedelics were for everyone. That did not please the government. Harvard fired Leary and Alpert soon after.

Leary continued to fuel the growing political fire by telling the government that “…the kids who take LSD aren’t going to fight in your wars.” After Leary’s exit from Harvard, the rate of recreational use of LSD increased among youngsters. However, they knew nothing about “mindset and setting” causing the rate of “challenging trips” to dramatically increase, which blistered LSD’s reputation.

Some people did have psychotic breaks, but mostly those who had a family history of schizophrenia. Most people who ended up in the hospital were experiencing hallucinations, not psychotic breaks. The doctors misinterpreted their panic as psychosis. Thus, the misunderstanding surrounding LSD also contributed to the downfall of its reputation.

Current Studies and Research

Currently, multiple studies are being conducted on the neuroscience behind LSD in the U.S. and abroad. 

John Hopkins University

At John Hopkins University, renowned professor and psychonaut Roland R. Griffiths is comparing naturally occurring “God encounter” experiences and those provoked by psychedelics, such as psilocybin, LSD, ayahuasca, and DMT. He found striking similarities between these groups with most participants having vivid memories of communicating with some form of a conscious, benevolent, intelligent, sacred, eternal, and all-knowing being. These respondents largely reported the event as their most meaningful personal and spiritual experience. Further, two-thirds of participants who identified as atheists prior to the event did not identify as atheists afterwards.

MAPS

Other studies are gauging the value of LSD-assisted psychotherapy and its potential benefits in reducing anxiety and catalyzing spiritual/mystical experiences. The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) just completed the first double-blind study on LSD’s potential for therapeutic use. With 12 subjects, they found a reduction in anxiety after two sessions of LSD assisted psychotherapy. While 12 subjects is not enough to confirm any results, it is shedding light on the potential therapeutic benefits of LSD.

Misconceptions in the Media

Today LSD is better understood, but the media is still perpetuating misconceptions. A study conducted by the Washington University on brain activity while under the effects of LSD use clearly concluded alterations in brain blood flow, electrical activity, and network communication patterns. The study showed an increase in brain blood flow, but overall lowered electrical activity and network communication patterns. Despite these clear conclusions, The Guardian and CNN published articles stating the brain is “much more active” while under the effects of LSD. This is just one example of mainstream media twisting scientific studies to fit their narrative.

Alzheimer’s and LSD

The new, early Human trials are showing the benefits of LSD in treating Alzheimer’s disease. This study only dabbled in a single microdose VS placebo and shown that there are no problems with the safety of this method. It is also effectively shown that LSD does affect the places in the brain that are affected by Alzheimer’s disease. The second phase of the trials is needed to see how broad the application on patience can be with many different variables.

Laws and Legal Status

Is LSD Illegal in the US?

Yes. LSD is a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act. This means LSD is illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, and distribute without a license from the DEA. By categorizing lysergic acid diethylamide as a Schedule I substance, the DEA believes that LSD meets the following three criteria: having a high potential for abuse, no legitimate medical use in treatment, and a lack of accepted safety laws for its use under medical supervision. Many psychedelic communities in America are currently working to change its legal status.

When was LSD made Illegal?

The US increased the penalties related to the unlawful act of having or consuming LSD on October 24th, 1968 by Public Law 90-639.

Where is LSD Legal Internationally?

Even though Mexico regulates LSD, they passed a law in 2009 that legalized the possession of 15 micrograms of LSD.

Portugal decriminalized LSD in 2001. Possession of less than 500 ug is not regarded as a criminal offense, but the substance can still be seized and the possessor may be referred to mandatory treatment.

Pharmacology

Toxicity

Before we can discuss whether or not LSD is toxic, we first need to define what makes a substance toxic. Toxicity is defined based on the levels of exposure required for a substance to cause harm to a human or animal. The level of toxicity is measured based on the dose required to cause harm to a human. Even water can be toxic in too high of a dose and lethal snake venom can be non-toxic in a small enough dose. LD50 is a common measurement of toxicity, which measures the lethal dose for half of the tested organisms. 

LSD Toxicity

Multiple studies have shown that there isn’t any risk of toxicity when consuming pure LSD. To human beings, the lethal dose of LSD is unknown. In some animals, such as rats, the LD50 is 16,5mg/kg. That means a person that weighs 75kg would have to consume 1,2375g or 1.237.500μg of lysergic acid diethylamide. That equates to about 12,000 strong doses of this very potent compound. 

Studies performed on monkeys also suggested no risk of toxicity. Scientists injected Monkeys with doses as high as 1mg/kg i.v. and did not find any lasting somatic effects. For a human being, the equivalent dose would be up to 700 common doses of LSD.

Cumulative effects on the body are a different story. There are concerns that prolonged exposure to LSD can impact the heart, since there are serotonin receptors on the heart. This is still up for debate. Currently, there isn’t any reliable evidence that either confirms or denies the long-term effects of LSD on the heart.

Interactions

There are two categories of interactions: Unintentional and Intentional 

Unintentional

An unintentional interaction is mixing psychedelics and ergolines with medications, or if there is a preexisting medical condition. It is not recommended to mix LSD with prescription medications. In particular, Benzodiazepine tends to lower the effectiveness of lysergic acid diethylabamide or any other psychedelic substance. Mixing certain antidepressants with LSD can result in serotonin syndrome due to an overload of serotonin in the central nervous system.

Intentional

An intentional interaction is the mixing of two plant-based or synthesized substances. Substances that can be taken with LSD are called “flips.” Interactions also have their own names. The most popular flip is a “candy flip,” which is the combination of LSD and MDMA. A “hippie flip” refers to a mixing psilocybin and LSD. A “Jedi flip” is a mixture of psilocybin mushrooms, LSD and MDMA. All of these “flips” create a psychedelic effect that is fairly unique and unlike either of the substances by themselves. This is thought to be from the synergistic properties when consuming both substances together.

For a more thorough list of interactions, consult the image below by Tripsit:

TripSit Guide to Drub Combinations Chart

LSD Safety

There isn’t substantial data to suggest that LSD can be fatal in healthy adults. In babies and small animals, substances are problematic due to the risk of vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction is a phenomena where the blood vessels contract. In extreme cases, such as ergotism, people have lost fingers and extremities.

According to David Nutts study on the dangers of popular drugs, LSD is less harmful than most popular drugs, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines and cocaine. However, LSD could trigger psychosis in those who are predisposed to this condition. Psychosis is a risk when taking most drugs, including alcohol. If there is a history of mental illness in the family, such as schizophrenic disorders, consult with a psychiatrist before engaging with any substance. 

Other concerns include HPPD and PTSD. HPPD, or hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, is a disorder where users see “visual snow” long after the trip has ended. This can disrupt an individual’s ability to perform regular tasks due to the distraction caused by visual snow. In more extreme cases HPPD can result in severe hallucinations for prolonged periods of time.

FAQ

How long does LSD stay in your system?

LSD can stay in your system for up to four days after use. Typically, it takes about thirty minutes to begin feeling the effects. The peak tends to occur three to four hours after the onset. A normal trip lasts roughly twelve hours.

Can you Overdose on LSD?

The most common way for measuring a dosage of LSD is by the number of micrograms. 50-150 micrograms is typically a standard dose that produces psychedelic effects. Taking more than the standard dose can cause an LSD overdose, which has mixed reported reactions.

How is LSD made?

There are many ways to make LSD, but the most common way is by extracting ergotamine or LSA to use as a precursor to making LSD. The precursor is synthesized into iso-lysergic acid hydrazide, then isomerized to create iso-lysergic diethylamide. This compound is then isomerized again to create active LSD.

How to take LSD?

The simplest and most common way of taking LSD is ingesting a piece of blotter paper infused with LSD. It can also be absorbed through the skin, ingested from a solution, or injected intravenously.

What does LSD look like?

Pure LSD in its solid form is a white crystal or powder. However, it is very uncommon to find LSD in its pure solid form. A solution of LSD will only have the appearance of the solvent used giving it no discernible appearance. If infused into a piece of blotter paper or any other consumable, it will also make no impact on the way that blotter paper or consumable appears.

Who Invented LSD?

Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938. Hofmann discovered its psychedelic effects in 1943. He was re-examining the substance looking for any potential pharmaceutical uses, and accidentally dosed himself.

Does LSD Degrade? 

LSD degrades with time in the presence of light, moisture and heat. 

Are LSD and Acid the Same Thing?

Yes. “LSD” is an acronym for “lysergic acid diethylamide”.

Disclaimer: LSD is potentially categorized as an illegal drug. Reality Sandwich is not encouraging the use of this drug where it is prohibited. However, we believe that providing information is imperative for the safety of those who choose to explore this substance. This guide is intended to give educational content and should in no way be viewed as medical recommendations.

If you have relevant information or updates concerning the research and studies of psychedelic substances, please reach out to info@realitysandwich.com We appreciate your contribution. –RS

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With only firsthand experiences to share, how can we fully map the DMT experience? Let’s explore what we know about this powerful psychedelic.

Guide to Machine Elves and Other DMT Entities
This guide discusses machine elves, clockwork elves, and other common DMT entities that people experience during a DMT trip.

Is the DMT Experience a Hallucination? 
What if the DMT realm was the real world, and our everyday lives were merely a game we had chosen to play?

How to Store DMT
Not sure how to store DMT? Read this piece to learn the best practices and elements of advice to keep your stuff fresh.

What Does 5-MeO-DMT Show Us About Consciousness?
How does our brain differentiate between what’s real and what’s not? Read to learn what can 5-MeO-DMT show us about consciousness.

How to Smoke DMT: Processes Explained
There are many ways to smoke DMT and we’ve outlined some of the best processes to consider before embarking on your journey.

How to Ground After DMT
Knowing what to expect from a DMT comedown can help you integrate the experience to gain as much value as possible from your journey.

How To Get DMT
What kind of plants contain DMT? Are there other ways to access this psychedelic? Read on to learn more about how to get DMT.

How DMT is Made: Everything You Need to Know
Ever wonder how to make DMT? Read our guide to learn everything you need to know about the procedures of how DMT is made.

Having Sex on DMT: What You Need to Know
Have you ever wondered about sex on DMT? Learn how the God Molecule can influence your intimate experiences.

Does the Human Brain Make DMT? 
With scientific evidence showing us DMT in the brain, what can we conclude it is there for? Read on to learn more.

How to Use DMT Vape Pens
Read to learn all about DMT vape pens including: what to know when vaping, what to expect when purchasing a DMT cartridge, and vaping safely.

DMT Resources
This article is a comprehensive DMT resource providing extensive information from studies, books, documentaries, and more. Check it out!

Differentiating DMT and Near-Death Experiences
Some say there are similarities between a DMT trip and death. Read our guide on differentiating DMT and near-death experiences to find out.

DMT Research from 1956 to the Edge of Time
From a representative sample of a suitably psychedelic crowd, you’d be hard pressed to find someone who couldn’t tell you all about Albert Hofmann’s enchanted bicycle ride after swallowing what turned out to be a massive dose of LSD. Far fewer, however, could tell you much about the world’s first DMT trip.

The Ultimate Guide to DMT Pricing
Check out our ultimate guide on DMT pricing to learn what to expect when purchasing DMT for your first time.

DMT Milking | Reality Sandwich
Indigenous cultures have used 5-MeO-DMT for centuries. With the surge in demand for psychedelic toad milk, is DMT Milking harming the frogs?

Why Does DMT Pervade Nature?
With the presence of DMT in nature everywhere – including human brains – why does it continue to baffle science?

DMT Substance Guide: Effects, Common Uses, Safety
Our ultimate guide to DMT has everything you want to know about this powerful psychedelic referred to as “the spirit molecule”.

DMT for Depression: Paving the Way for New Medicine
We’ve been waiting for an effective depression treatment. Studies show DMT for depression works even for treatment resistant patients.

Beating Addiction with DMT
Psychedelics have been studied for their help overcoming addiction. Read how DMT is helping addicts beat their substance abuse issues.

DMT Extraction: Behind the Scientific Process
Take a look at DMT extraction and the scientific process involved. Learn all you need to know including procedures and safety.

Microdosing DMT & Common Dosages Explained
Microdosing, though imperceivable, is showing to have many health benefits–here is everything you want to know about microdosing DMT.

DMT Art: A Look Behind Visionary Creations
An entire genre of artwork is inspired by psychedelic trips with DMT. Read to learn about the entities and visions behind DMT art.

Changa vs. DMT: What You Need to Know
While similar (changa contains DMT), each drug has its own unique effect and feeling. Let’s compare and contrast changa vs DMT.

5-MeO-DMT Guide: Effects, Benefits, Safety, and Legality
5-Meo-DMT comes from the Sonora Desert toad. Here is everything you want to know about 5-Meo-DMT and how it compares to 4-AcO-DMT.

4-AcO-DMT Guide: Benefits, Effects, Safety, and Legality
This guide tells you everything about 4 AcO DMT & 5 MeO DMT, that belong to the tryptamine class, and are similar but slightly different to DMT.

How Much Does LSD Cost? When shopping around for that magical psychedelic substance, there can be many uncertainties when new to buying LSD. You may be wondering how much does LSD cost? In this article, we will discuss what to expect when purchasing LSD on the black market, what forms LSD is sold in, and the standard breakdown of buying LSD in quantity.   Navy Use of LSD on the Dark Web The dark web is increasingly popular for purchasing illegal substances. The US Navy has now noticed this trend with their staff. Read to learn more.   Having Sex on LSD: What You Need to Know Can you have sex on LSD? Read our guide to learn everything about sex on acid, from lowered inhibitions to LSD users quotes on sex while tripping.   A Drug That Switches off an LSD Trip A pharmaceutical company is developing an “off-switch” drug for an LSD trip, in the case that a bad trip can happen. Some would say there is no such thing.   Queen of Hearts: An Interview with Liz Elliot on Tim Leary and LSD The history of psychedelia, particularly the British experience, has been almost totally written by men. Of the women involved, especially those who were in the thick of it, little has been written either by or about them. A notable exception is Liz Elliot.   LSD Guide: Effects, Common Uses, Safety LSD, Lysergic acid diethylamide, or just acid is one of the most important psychedelics ever discovered. What did history teach us?   Microdosing LSD & Common Dosage Explained Microdosing, though imperceivable, is showing to have many health benefits–here is everything you want to know about microdosing LSD.   LSD Resources Curious to learn more about LSD? This guide includes comprehensive LSD resources containing books, studies and more.   LSD as a Spiritual Aid There is common consent that the evolution of mankind is paralleled by the increase and expansion of consciousness. From the described process of how consciousness originates and develops, it becomes evident that its growth depends on its faculty of perception. Therefore every means of improving this faculty should be used.   Legendary LSD Blotter Art: A Hidden Craftsmanship Have you ever heard of LSD blotter art? Explore the trippy world of LSD art and some of the top artists of LSD blotter art.   LSD and Exercise: Does it Work? LSD and exercise? Learn why high-performing athletes are taking hits of LSD to improve their overall potential.   Jan Bastiaans Treated Holocaust Survivors with LSD Dutch psychiatrist, Jan Bastiaans administered LSD-assisted therapy to survivors of the Holocaust. A true war hero and pioneer of psychedelic-therapy.   LSD and Spiritual Awakening I give thanks for LSD, which provided the opening that led me to India in 1971 and brought me to Neem Karoli Baba, known as Maharajji. Maharajji is described by the Indians as a “knower of hearts.”   How LSD is Made: Everything You Need to Know Ever wonder how to make LSD? Read our guide to learn everything you need to know about the procedures of how LSD is made.   How to Store LSD: Best Practices Learn the best way to store LSD, including the proper temperature and conditions to maximize how long LSD lasts when stored.   Bicycle Day: The Discovery of LSD Every year on April 19th, psychonauts join forces to celebrate Bicycle Day. Learn about the famous day when Albert Hoffman first discovered the effects of LSD.   Cary Grant: A Hollywood Legend On LSD Cary Grant was a famous actor during the 1930’s-60’s But did you know Grant experimented with LSD? Read our guide to learn more.   Albert Hofmann: LSD — My Problem Child Learn about Albert Hofmann and his discovery of LSD, along with the story of Bicycle Day and why it marks a historic milestone.   Babies are High: What Does LSD Do To Your Brain What do LSD and babies have in common? Researchers at the Imperial College in London discover that an adult’s brain on LSD looks like a baby’s brain.   1P LSD: Effects, Benefits, Safety Explained 1P LSD is an analogue of LSD and homologue of ALD-25. Here is everything you want to know about 1P LSD and how it compares to LSD.   Francis Crick, DNA & LSD Type ‘Francis Crick LSD’ into Google, and the result will be 30,000 links. Many sites claim that Crick (one of the two men responsible for discovering the structure of DNA), was either under the influence of LSD at the time of his revelation or used the drug to help with his thought processes during his research. Is this true?   What Happens If You Overdose on LSD? A recent article presented three individuals who overdosed on LSD. Though the experience was unpleasant, the outcomes were remarkably positive.

The Ayahuasca Experience
Ayahuasca is both a medicine and a visionary aid. You can employ ayahuasca for physical, mental, emotional and spiritual repair, and you can engage with the power of ayahuasca for deeper insight and realization. If you consider attainment of knowledge in the broadest perspective, you can say that at all times, ayahuasca heals.

 

Trippy Talk: Meet Ayahuasca with Sitaramaya Sita and PlantTeachers
Sitaramaya Sita is a spiritual herbalist, pusangera, and plant wisdom practitioner formally trained in the Shipibo ayahuasca tradition.

 

The Therapeutic Value of Ayahuasca
My best description of the impact of ayahuasca is that it’s a rocket boost to psychospiritual growth and unfolding, my professional specialty during my thirty-five years of private practice.

 

Microdosing Ayahuasca: Common Dosage Explained
What is ayahuasca made of and what is considered a microdose? Explore insights with an experienced Peruvian brewmaster and learn more about this practice.

 

Ayahuasca Makes Neuron Babies in Your Brain
Researchers from Beckley/Sant Pau Research Program have shared the latest findings in their study on the effects of ayahuasca on neurogenesis.

 

The Fatimiya Sufi Order and Ayahuasca
In this interview, the founder of the Fatimiya Sufi Order,  N. Wahid Azal, discusses the history and uses of plant medicines in Islamic and pre-Islamic mystery schools.

 

Consideration Ayahuasca for Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Research indicates that ayahuasca mimics mechanisms of currently accepted treatments for PTSD. In order to understand the implications of ayahuasca treatment, we need to understand how PTSD develops.

 

Brainwaves on Ayahuasca: A Waking Dream State
In a study researchers shared discoveries showing ingredients found in Ayahuasca impact the brainwaves causing a “waking dream” state.

 

Cannabis and Ayahuasca: Mixing Entheogenic Plants
Cannabis and Ayahuasca: most people believe they shouldn’t be mixed. Read this personal experience peppered with thoughts from a pro cannabis Peruvian Shaman.

 

Ayahuasca Retreat 101: Everything You Need to Know to Brave the Brew
Ayahuasca has been known to be a powerful medicinal substance for millennia. However, until recently, it was only found in the jungle. Word of its deeply healing and cleansing properties has begun to spread across the world as many modern, Western individuals are seeking spiritual, mental, emotional, and physical well-being. More ayahuasca retreat centers are emerging in the Amazon and worldwide to meet the demand.

 

Ayahuasca Helps with Grief
A new study published in psychopharmacology found that ayahuasca helped those suffering from the loss of a loved one up to a year after treatment.

 

Ayahuasca Benefits: Clinical Improvements for Six Months
Ayahuasca benefits can last six months according to studies. Read here to learn about the clinical improvements from drinking the brew.

 

Ayahuasca Culture: Indigenous, Western, And The Future
Ayahuasca has been use for generations in the Amazon. With the rise of retreats and the brew leaving the rainforest how is ayahuasca culture changing?

 

Ayahuasca Guide: Effects, Common Uses, Safety
The Amazonian brew, Ayahuasca has a long history and wide use. Read our guide to learn all about the tea from its beginnings up to modern-day interest.

 

Ayahuasca and the Godhead: An Interview with Wahid Azal of the Fatimiya Sufi Order
Wahid Azal, a Sufi mystic of The Fatimiya Sufi Order and an Islamic scholar, talks about entheogens, Sufism, mythology, and metaphysics.

 

Ayahuasca and the Feminine: Women’s Roles, Healing, Retreats, and More
Ayahuasca is lovingly called “grandmother” or “mother” by many. Just how feminine is the brew? Read to learn all about women and ayahuasca.

What Is the Standard of Care for Ketamine Treatments?
Ketamine therapy is on the rise in light of its powerful results for treatment-resistant depression. But, what is the current standard of care for ketamine? Read to find out.

What Is Dissociation and How Does Ketamine Create It?
Dissociation can take on multiple forms. So, what is dissociation like and how does ketamine create it? Read to find out.

Having Sex on Ketamine: Getting Physical on a Dissociative
Curious about what it could feel like to have sex on a dissociate? Find out all the answers in our guide to sex on ketamine.

Special K: The Party Drug
Special K refers to Ketamine when used recreationally. Learn the trends as well as safety information around this substance.

Kitty Flipping: When Ketamine and Molly Meet
What is it, what does it feel like, and how long does it last? Read to explore the mechanics of kitty flipping.

Ketamine vs. Esketamine: 3 Important Differences Explained
Ketamine and esketamine are used to treat depression. But what’s the difference between them? Read to learn which one is right for you: ketamine vs. esketamine.

Guide to Ketamine Treatments: Understanding the New Approach
Ketamine is becoming more popular as more people are seeing its benefits. Is ketamine a fit? Read our guide for all you need to know about ketamine treatments.

Ketamine Treatment for Eating Disorders
Ketamine is becoming a promising treatment for various mental health conditions. Read to learn how individuals can use ketamine treatment for eating disorders.

Ketamine Resources, Studies, and Trusted Information
Curious to learn more about ketamine? This guide includes comprehensive ketamine resources containing books, studies and more.

Ketamine Guide: Effects, Common Uses, Safety
Our ultimate guide to ketamine has everything you need to know about this “dissociative anesthetic” and how it is being studied for depression treatment.

Ketamine for Depression: A Mental Health Breakthrough
While antidepressants work for some, many others find no relief. Read to learn about the therapeutic uses of ketamine for depression.

Ketamine for Addiction: Treatments Offering Hope
New treatments are offering hope to individuals suffering from addiction diseases. Read to learn how ketamine for addiction is providing breakthrough results.

Microdosing Ketamine & Common Dosages Explained
Microdosing, though imperceivable, is showing to have many health benefits–here is everything you want to know about microdosing ketamine.

How to Ease a Ketamine Comedown
Knowing what to expect when you come down from ketamine can help integrate the experience to gain as much value as possible.

How to Store Ketamine: Best Practices
Learn the best ways how to store ketamine, including the proper temperature and conditions to maximize how long ketamine lasts when stored.

How To Buy Ketamine: Is There Legal Ketamine Online?
Learn exactly where it’s legal to buy ketamine, and if it’s possible to purchase legal ketamine on the internet.

How Long Does Ketamine Stay in Your System?
How long does ketamine stay in your system? Are there lasting effects on your body? Read to discover the answers!

How Ketamine is Made: Everything You Need to Know
Ever wonder how to make Ketamine? Read our guide to learn everything you need to know about the procedures of how Ketamine is made.

Colorado on Ketamine: First Responders Waiver Programs
Fallout continues after Elijah McClain. Despite opposing recommendations from some city council, Colorado State Health panel recommends the continued use of ketamine by medics for those demonstrating “excited delirium” or “extreme agitation”.

Types of Ketamine: Learn the Differences & Uses for Each
Learn about the different types of ketamine and what they are used for—and what type might be right for you. Read now to find out!

Kitty Flipping: When Ketamine and Molly Meet
What is it, what does it feel like, and how long does it last? Read to explore the mechanics of kitty flipping.

MDMA & Ecstasy Guide: Effects, Common Uses, Safety
Our ultimate guide to MDMA has everything you want to know about Ecstasy from how it was developed in 1912 to why it’s being studied today.

How To Get the Most out of Taking MDMA as a Couple
Taking MDMA as a couple can lead to exciting experiences. Read here to learn how to get the most of of this love drug in your relationship.

Common MDMA Dosage & Microdosing Explained
Microdosing, though imperceivable, is showing to have many health benefits–here is everything you want to know about microdosing MDMA.

Having Sex on MDMA: What You Need to Know
MDMA is known as the love drug… Read our guide to learn all about sex on MDMA and why it is beginning to makes its way into couple’s therapy.

How MDMA is Made: Common Procedures Explained
Ever wonder how to make MDMA? Read our guide to learn everything you need to know about the procedures of how MDMA is made.

Hippie Flipping: When Shrooms and Molly Meet
What is it, what does it feel like, and how long does it last? Explore the mechanics of hippie flipping and how to safely experiment.

How Cocaine is Made: Common Procedures Explained
Ever wonder how to make cocaine? Read our guide to learn everything you need to know about the procedures of how cocaine is made.

A Christmas Sweater with Santa and Cocaine
This week, Walmart came under fire for a “Let it Snow” Christmas sweater depicting Santa with lines of cocaine. Columbia is not merry about it.

Ultimate Cocaine Guide: Effects, Common Uses, Safety
This guide covers what you need to know about Cocaine, including common effects and uses, legality, safety precautions and top trends today.

NEWS: An FDA-Approved Cocaine Nasal Spray
The FDA approved a cocaine nasal spray called Numbrino, which has raised suspicions that the pharmaceutical company, Lannett Company Inc., paid off the FDA..

The Ultimate Guide to Cannabis Bioavailability
What is bioavailability and how can it affect the overall efficacy of a psychedelic substance? Read to learn more.

Cannabis Research Explains Sociability Behaviors
New research by Dr. Giovanni Marsicano shows social behavioral changes occur as a result of less energy available to the neurons. Read here to learn more.

The Cannabis Shaman
If recreational and medical use of marijuana is becoming accepted, can the spiritual use as well? Experiential journalist Rak Razam interviews Hamilton Souther, founder of the 420 Cannabis Shamanism movement…

Cannabis Guide: Effects, Common Uses, Safety
Our ultimate guide to Cannabis has everything you want to know about this popular substances that has psychedelic properties.

Cannabis and Ayahuasca: Mixing Entheogenic Plants
Cannabis and Ayahuasca: most people believe they shouldn’t be mixed. Read this personal experience peppered with thoughts from a procannabis Peruvian Shaman.

CBD-Rich Cannabis Versus Single-Molecule CBD
A ground-breaking study has documented the superior therapeutic properties of whole plant Cannabis extract as compared to synthetic cannabidiol (CBD), challenging the medical-industrial complex’s notion that “crude” botanical preparations are less effective than single-molecule compounds.

Cannabis Has Always Been a Medicine
Modern science has already confirmed the efficacy of cannabis for most uses described in the ancient medical texts, but prohibitionists still claim that medical cannabis is “just a ruse.”

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