Several writers of my acquaintance, such as Allen Ginsberg and Ed Sanders, developed the habit of keeping extensive files of press clippings on stories of personal interest. Noam Chomsky, we're told, does the same thing. An individual news report may mention something in passing that may seem secondary to the main narrative, but when multiple stories collected over time repeat the same seemingly secondary data, important patterns can become apparent.
For example, for many years Ginsberg clipped New York Times articles having to do with the international traffic in narcotics. This collection eventually served as one of the sources for historian Alfred W. McCoy's definitive study linking the heroin trade to U. S. government agencies, The Politics of Heroin.
Now, amid the
sickening media parade endlessly looping, one aspect of the mass shooter
phenomenon is continually skipped, but a survey of press reports on the spate of bizarre violence that has arisen since the 1990s reveals a pattern.
In the past few
days, following the Newtown murders, various experts have weighed in on the
difficulty of profiling the mass shooter type. (An accurate psychological
profile, presumably — and hideously problematically — could enable parents,
teachers, doctors, and law enforcers to predict which individual is headed
toward being the next shooter.)
Despite the
difficulty of such profiles and predictions, there are two things that such
characters have in common. First, they are mostly young white males. Second, many of the perpetrators are reported to have been taking psychoactive prescription medication.
The
website "SSRI Stories: Antidepressant Nightmares" offers a sortable database of more than 4,800 newspaper articles, scientific
journal reports, and TV news items linking
antidepressant use to cases of extreme violence.
It is important
to note that this site is not peddling some conspiracy theory. It is not
speculative at all. The website is an index to reputable sources reporting on
actual criminal cases, and in all cases reported, prescription meds are implicated.
The articles show
that these violent acts were perpetrated by consumers in the 50 billion dollar
a year selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) industry. This is a class
of drugs whose warning labels and pharmaceutical literature note that a
small percentage of SSRI consumers fantasize about and/or exhibit extreme violence.
I was originally
tipped to this in July of 2012 in an article by RS regular Jonathan Zap, which
he wrote in the wake of the so-called Batman shootings of that summer.
Zap notes as
follows.
"Mass
shootings, like the one that just happened in Aurora [Colorado], have become a recurrent
nightmare that haunts the collective psyche. As the nightmare repeats, we see
patterns emerging. One, which we don't have confirmation on yet in this case,
is that the shooter will almost always turn out to be on an SSRI (selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor). For example, Colorado's other most famous
mass shooting, Columbine, was masterminded by 18-year-old Eric Harris who was
on the SSRI medication Luvox. Here's an index of shootings and the SSRI
connection someone put together."
The
website Jonathan links us to, "SSRI Stories: Antidepressant Nightmares," concentrates on reports implicating Prozac (the
FDA's number 2 drug for violence), Zoloft, Paxil (number 3 for violence),
Celexa, Lexapro, Luvox, Remeron, Anafranil, Effexor, Cymbalta, Pristiq, and
Wellbutrin.
Here are a few samples of reports from the site, with comments.
"Tim
Kretschmer . . . walked into Albertville Secondary in Winnenden, near
Stuttgart, at 9.30am on Wednesday armed with a 9mm Beretta he had stolen from
his gun enthusiast father and wearing a K4-Schutz bulletproof vest and the
black fatigues of Germany's elite forces, the Kommando Spezialkräfte. . .
. He killed nine pupils at
Albertville, all but one a girl, and three teachers, all women, in less than 10
minutes. He then shot and killed three bystanders as he tried to escape, before
taking his own life after a shootout with police. . . . It emerged that Kretschmer had been
suffering from depression . . . and receiving medication for the condition." –-Scotland On Sunday, Edinburgh, March
14 2009.
"Hours before he
walked into a Northern Illinois University lecture hall and inexplicably started
a shooting rampage that ended five lives and his own, Steve Kazmierczak called
one of the people he was closest to and said what would be a final goodbye. . .
. [According to his girlfriend] 'he was anything but a monster. He was probably
the nicest, most caring person ever'. . . . [She said] he saw a
psychiatrist monthly but stopped taking Prozac a few weeks ago. She said the
medicine 'made him feel like a zombie'." —Chicago Sun Times, February 8, 2008.
What we might call the "zombie effect" seems to come up in many of these cases.
Also common is that the violent behavior tends to occur when the patient is
either having the dosage adjusted, or
has just stopped taking the pills.
The
"SSRI Stories" site notes the following.
"The danger of withdrawal from antidepressants and antipsychotics is
well documented. The brain tries to compensate for the blockage of the
serotonin and dopamine receptors by growing additional receptors for
these
neurotransmitters. When the medications are discontinued, these
additional receptors contribute to an 'overload' of serotonin and
dopamine
flooding the receptor. This is known as 'supersensitivity psychosis' and
'antidepressant discontinuation syndrome'."
"BEMIDJI,
MINN. — Jeffrey Weise had ‘a good relationship' with the grandfather he shot
and killed on Monday as prelude to his deadly assault on students and others at
Red Lake High School, according to relatives who are struggling to understand
what might have pushed the teenager from sometimes bizarre behavior to mass
murder and suicide. . . . They
wondered, too, about medication he was supposedly taking for depression, and a
recent increase in his prescribed dosage. . . . 60 milligrams a day of Prozac."
—Star Tribune (Minnesota), March 24, 2005.
Consistent with the "zombie effect" noted above, many sources indicate that some
perpetrators who survive their crime scenes report being in a dreamlike state
in which they feel they are watching their actions but not in control of them. Some
of the literature notes sleep disorders, and speculates that the drugs
induce a state of waking dream in which one becomes a passive witness to one's
actions.
(Christopher Pittman, who killed his grandparents and set fire to their house told his father afterward that it had been like watching a TV show.) Other sources say the shooters do not remember their crimes or do not associate themselves with what occured.
"Huntsville,
AL. — 15 year old Hammad Memon is free on bond, awaiting trial on murder charges
for the February 2010 shooting death of fellow Discovery Middle School student
Todd Brown. . . . Memon has a
history of being treated for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and
Depression. He was being medicated with Zoloft and other drugs for the
conditions. . . . Memon's mother
is quoted as saying 'My son is not normal. He is immature (mentally)
for his age. He has become very depressed and withdrawn for the past 2 years,
especially in the last 12 months. He does not have insights into what crime he
has committed'." —The Free Republic
(Alabama), Feb 5 2012.
"CARTHAGE,
NC — Jurors in the Robert Stewart
murder trial reached a verdict Saturday. He was found guilty of eight counts of
second-degree murder in a shooting rampage at a North Carolina nursing home in
2009. . . . Stewart's defense
lawyers said the 47-year-old was essentially sleepwalking at the time due to
taking a combination of prescription drugs. . . . Defense attorney Jon Megerian
said Ambien and other drugs in Stewart's system caused him to be in a
zombie-like state of mind when he entered the nursing home. . . . In pleading Stewart's case, his defense
said he was full of remorse, but couldn't remember anything. –WTVD television,
North Carolina.
There have been a number of cases where defendants have been found not responsible for their actions due to the effects of the medication.
"STAMFORD, CT — A Stamford lawyer who shot at a motorist, then broke into his
ex-wife's house was found not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect
yesterday. Eric Witlin, 40, will be committed to Whiting Forensic Institute for
evaluation until he returns to court July 14. Judge Richard Comerford could
commit Witlin for the time he could have been sentenced to prison, a total of
70 years. . . . Two psychiatrists, including one hired by the prosecution, testified
that Witlin suffered a psychotic episode brought on by Adderall and Prozac,
which were prescribed to treat attention deficit disorder and depression. . . .
Senior Assistant State's Attorney James Bernardi said Witlin's mental state on
the night of the incident was uncontested, since both psychiatrists agreed. —Stamford Advocate, May 20, 2008.
"Anna L. Tang, the troubled former Wellesley student, is finally free to resume
her life and has been discharged from court custody. . . . Tang came to the attention of most MIT students in October 2007 when she
stabbed her ex-boyfriend, Wolfe B. Styke, then a freshman, in his Next House
dormitory room. . . . Tang has bipolar disorder, which she sought help for when she first arrived at
Wellesley in 2005. At that time, she was diagnosed with depression and was
prescribed an antidepressant. However, as Tang’s psychopharmacologist Michael
J. Mufson testified during the trial, bipolar disorder cannot be treated with
antidepressants. Doing so creates oscillatory behavior. 'It made her lows
lower and her highs get higher', Mufson said. That combination of misdiagnosis
and mistreatment led to her attack on Styke. Judge Henry found in December that
Tang lacked the substantial capacity to conform her actions to the requirements
of the law and that she lacked the capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of
her actions. The Tech (MIT student newspaper), Feb
8, 2011.
In other legal news, there have been some 450 suicide-related lawsuits settled out of court by GlaxoSmithKline, the maker of Paxil.
"Since
Paxil came on the market in 1992, there have been three separate types of
failure to warn lawsuits filed: birth
defects, suicide, and addiction.
Roughly 150 suicide cases were settled for an average of about $2
million, and about 300 cases involving suicide attempts were settled for an
average of $300,000, according to a December 14, 2009 report by Bloomberg
News. Glaxo paid an average of about $50,000 each to resolve about 3,200
cases linking Paxil to addiction problems. . . . All total, Glaxo has paid out close to $1 billion to resolve Paxil lawsuits
since the drug came on the market in 1992. The company's provision for all legal
matters and other non-tax disputes as of the end of 2008 was listed as $3.09
billion in its annual report." —Dissidentvoice.org.
To summarize, FDA warnings, court finding, and too many news reports to count make a connection between one of the most widely prescribed drug types and bizarre, ostensibly "inexplicable" violence. And though there are thousands of sources and multiple vectors of association implicating the 50-billion-dollar business in SSRIs to some of the most hideous crimes of our day, the major media continue to spin their wheels about the "unexplainable." This story needs to go viral. Now.
Image by Carsten Achertzer, courtesy of Creative Commons license.
